C#
Official site: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-US/vstudio/hh341490
Firstly, read this brief explanation about the relationship between C#, .NET, and ASP.NET
IDE: Visual Studio
For web development: Official ASP.NET getting started guide
.NET is now open source
Courses
Tutorials
Books
Head First C#
C# 5.0 in a Nutshell: The Definitive Reference
CLR via C#
Beginning ASP.NET 4.5: in C# and VB (For web development)
Programming C# for Beginners (Free)
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